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Here's an optimized rate limiting implementation using Redis and Express middleware:

const rateLimit = require('express-rate-limit');
const RedisStore = require('rate-limit-redis');
const redis = require('redis');

const client = redis.createClient({
  host: process.env.REDIS_HOST,
  port: process.env.REDIS_PORT
});

const limiter = rateLimit({
  store: new RedisStore({
    client: client,
    expiry: 60 * 60 // 1 hour
  }),
  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
  max: 100, // limit each IP to 100 requests per windowMs
  message: 'Too many requests from this IP, please try again later'
});

// Apply to all requests
app.use(limiter);